IGCSE Physics Notes
More Topics
- Moments & Principle of Moments
| 6.1 Moment of a Force |
| 6.2 Moment with Everyday Examples |
| 6.3 Balancing of a Beam about a Pivot |
| 6.4 Principle of Moments |
| 6.5 Describe an Experiment of Equilibrium |
- Condition of Equilibrium & Centre of Mass
| 7.1 Condition of Equilibrium |
| 7.2 Centre of Gravity |
| 7.3 Centre of Gravity & Stability |
| 7.4 Centre of Gravity of Irregularly Objects |
- Scalars & Vectors
| 8.1 Scalars & Vectors |
| 8.2 Resultant Vector by Graphical Method |
| 8.3 Resultant Vector by Calculation |
- Momentum & Conservation of Momentum
| 9.1 Concepts of Momentum and Impulse |
| 9.2 Change of momentum and impulse |
| 9.3 Principle of Conservation of Momentum |
- Energy-types
| 10.1 The Sun as a Main Source of Energy |
| 10.2 Forms of Energy |
| 10.3 Energy due to Motion and Position of an Object |
| 10.4 Energy Transformation |
| 10.5 Law of Conservation of Energy |
| 10.6 Sankey Diagrams & Efficiency |
- Energy Recourses
| 11.1 Renewable Energy Resources |
| 11.2 Non-Renewable Energy Resources |
| 11.3 power from Chemical Energy Stored in Fuel |
| 11.4 Power from Wind |
| 11.5 Power from Water |
| 11.6 Power from geothermal resources |
| 11.7 Energy is released by nuclear fusion |
| 11.8 Energy released by nuclear fusion |
| 11.9 Power from solar panels |
| 11.10 Sankey Diagrams & Efficiency |
- Work & Power
| 12.1- Work |
| 12.2- Power |
- Pressure
| 13.1-Pressure |
| 13.2-Pressure depends of Force & Area |
| 13.1-Pressure in Liquids (Δp = ρgΔh) |
Thermal Physics
- K. Molecular Model & Brownian Motion
| 14.1 Properties of three States of Matter |
| 14.2-Kinetic Molecular Model of matter |
| 14.3 Molecular Structures of Solids, Liquids and Gases |
| 14.4 Temperature and Pressure of Gas Molecules |
| 14.5-Brownian Motion |
- Pressure Changes & Gas Laws
| 51.1 Pressure Law |
| 15.2 Boyle’s Law |
- Thermal Expansion of Solids, Liquids and Gases
| 16.1 Expansion & Contraction of Matter |
| 16.2 Everyday Applications of Expansion |
| 16.3 Conversion of Temperatures |
- Evaporation, Melting & Boiling
| 17.1 Evaporation |
| 17.2 Evaporation Cause Cooling |
| 17.3 Melting Point and Boiling Point |
| 17.4 Condensation and Solidification |
- Specific Heat Capacity & Transfer of Heat
| 18.1 Rise in Temperature-Average KE of Particles |
| 18.2 Specific Heat Capacity |
| 18.3 Eexperiments to measure SHC of Solids & Liquids |
| 18.4 Conduction of Heat |
| 18.5 Convection |
| 18.6 Radiation |
| 18.7 Consequences of Thermal Energy Transfer |
Water, Light & Sound Waves
- Properties of Waves & Water Waves
| 19.1 Wave Motion and Types of Waves |
| 19.2 Wavefronts |
| 19.3 Frequency, Wavelength & Amplitude |
| 19.4 Wave Equation |
| 19.5 Longitudinal and Transverse Waves |
|
19.6 Reflection, Refraction & Diffraction of Water Waves |
- Reflection of Light & Refraction of Light
| 20.1-Reflection of Light |
| 20.2 Image Formations by a Plane Mirror |
|
20.3 Reflection of Light Through a Plane Mirror |
| 20.4 Refraction of light |
| 20.5 Measuring the Refractive Index of Glass |
| 20.6 Refractive Index |
|
20.7 Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection |
- Convex and Concave Lenses
| 21.1-Action & Real Image Formation by Convex Lens |
| 21.2- Action of a Convex Lens as Magnifying Glass |
| 21.3-Action & Virtual Image Formation by Concave Lens |
| 21.4 Long-sightedness and Shortsightedness |
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
| 22.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| 22.2 Radio Waves and Uses |
| 22.3 Microwaves and Uses |
| 22.4 Infrared and Uses |
| 22.5 Visible light and Dispersion of Light |
| 22.6 Ultraviolet and Uses |
| 22.7 X-rays and Uses |
| 22.8 Gamma Rays and Uses |
| 22.9 Monochromatic Light |
| 22.10 Dispersion of Light |
- Sound Waves
| 23.1-Production of Sound Waves |
| 23.2-Audible Frequency & Ultrasound |
| 23.3-Frequency, Pitch & Amplitude of Sound |
| 23.4-Speed of Sound-Experiments |
| 23.5-Reflection of Sound Waves |
Electricity
- Static Electricity
| 24.1-Electrostatic Charges |
| 24.2-Electrostatic Induction |
| 24.2-Electric Field Lines |
- Current Electricity
| 25.1-Electric Charge, Current & Voltage |
| 25.2-Ohm’s Law with Experiment |
| 25.3-Resistance & Factors of Resistance |
| 25.4-I-V Graph of Ohmic Resistor (Raza) |
| 25.5-Electric Energy & Power |
- Electric Circuits (Series & parallel)
| 26.1-Series & parallel Circuits |
| 26.2-variable Resistor & Potential Divider |
| 26.3- Power in Series & Parallel Circuits |
- Dangers of Electricity
| 27.1-Dangers & Safety of Electricity |
| 27.2-Fuses & Circuit Breakers |
| 27.3-Socket, Plug, Switch & Wire |
Basic Electronics
- Circuit Components-1
| 28.1 Action of Thermistor |
| 28.2 Action of LDR & LED |
| 28.3 The action of Reed Switch & Magnetic Relay |
- Circuit Components-2
| 29.1 Circuit Diagrams of Diodes. |
| 29.2 Circuit of Generators. |
| 29.3 Circuit Diagram Magnetising coils & Transformers |
Magnetism & Electromagnetism
- Magnetism
| 30.1-Magnetic & Non-Magnetic Materials |
| 30.2-Magnetisation & Demagnetisation Methods |
| 30.3-Magnetic Properties of Soft Iron & Steel |
| 30.4-Magnetic Fields & Magnetic Field Lines |
- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current D.C. Motor
| 31.1- Magnetic Effect of Electric Current |
| 31.2- D.C. Motor Principle |
- Electromagnetic Effects
| 32.1- Electromagnetic Induction |
| 32.2- A.C. Generator Principle |
| 32.3-Transformer |
| 32.4. National Grid & High Voltage Transmission |
Radioactivity
- The Nuclear Atom
| 33.1 Rutherford’s Gold-Foil Experiment |
| 33.2 Subatomic Particles Atomic & Mass No. |
| 33.3 Isotopes |
| 33.4-Nuclear Fission & Fusion |
- Radioactivity
| 34.1. Radioactivity & Background Radiations |
| 34.2-Ionisation & Penetrating Power |
| 34.3-Alpha, Beta Particles & Gamma Radiation Decay & Properties |
| 34.4-Deflection of Radiation in Electric & Magnetic Field |
| 34.5- Half-Life-Radiation |
| 34.6-Safety Precautions & Tracers |
35-The Earth & Solar System
| 35.1 The Earth |
| 35.2 Mon of the Moon |
| 35.3 The Solar System |
| 35.4 The Sun as a Star |
| 35.5 Star & Life Cycles of Stars |
| 35.6 The Universe |